ELEMEN PUBLIC SPEAKING

Teknik Vokal

• Intonasi (intonation) –nada suara, irama bicara, atau alunan nada dalam melafalkan kata-kata.
• Aksentuasi (accentuation) atau logat, dialek. Lakukan stressing pada kata tertentu yang dianggap penting.
• Kecepatan (speed). Jangan bicara terlalu cepat.
• Artikulasi (articulation), yaitu kejelasan pengucapan kata-kata; pelafalan kata (pronounciation).
• Infleksi – lagu kalimat, perubahan nada suara; hindari pengucapan yang sama bagi setiap kata. Infleksi naik (go up) menunjukkan adanya lanjutan, menurun (go down) tunjukkan akhir kalimat.

Eye Contact

• Pandang audience; sapukan pandangan ke seluruh audience.
• Pandang tepat pada matanya!

Gesture

• Alami, spontan, wajar, tidak dibuat-buat.
• Penuh, tidak sepotong-sepotong, tidak ragu.
• Sesuai dengan kata-kata.
• Gunakan untuk penekanan pada poin penting,
• Jangan berlebihan. Less is more!
• The most important gesture: to SMILE!
• Gerakan tubuh meliputi: ekspresi wajah, gerakan tangan, mulut atau bibir, kepala, badan, kaki.
• Setiap gerakan mengandung tiga bagian: Pendekatan (The Approach) – Tubuh siap untuk bergerak; Gerakan (The Stroke) – gerakan tubuh itu sendiri; dan Kembali (The Return) – kembali ke posisi semula atau keadaan normal.
• Variatif, jangan monoton. Misalnya terus-menerus mengepalkan jari tangan di atas.
• Jangan melalukan gerakan tubuh yang tidak bermakna atau tidak mendukung pembicaraan seperti: memegang kerah baju, mempermainkan mike, meremas-remas jari, dan menggaruk-garuk kepala.
• Makin besar jumlah hadirin, kian besar dan lambat gerakan tubuh yang kita lakukan. Jika kita berbicara di depan hadirin dalam jumlah kecil, atau di videoconferencing, atau di televisi, lakukan gerakan tubuh alakadarnya (smaller gestures).

Humor

• Bumbu Public Speaking.
• Use Natural Humor! Don’t try to be a stand up comedian!
• Gunakan hentian (pause) sekadar memberikan kesempatan kepada pendengar untuk tertawa.
• Teknik humor
a.l. Exaggeration –melebihkan sesuatu secara tidak proporsional. Misalnya, ungkapan “hujan lokal” bagi pembicara yang “menyemburkan” air liur; parodi –meniru gaya suatu karya serius (lagu, pepatah, puisi) dengan penambahan agar lucu, misalnya mengubah lirik lagu dengan kata-kata baru bernada humor; teknik belokan mendadak –membawa khalayak untuk meyakini bawa kita akan berbicara normal, namun tiba-tiba kita mengatakan sebaliknya atau tidak disangka-sangka pada akhir pembicaraan. Contoh: Saya mencintai seorang wanita, namun kami tidak bisa menikah karena keluarganya merasa keberatan. Saya tidak bisa apa-apa, karena keluarganya yang tidak setuju itu adalah suami dan anak-anaknya!; TV (baca: tivi) yang dibuat di Bandung dan bermerk “Parisj van Java” yaitu tipikir-pikir tidak ada.


Copyright (c) ASM. Romli Http://www.romeltea.co.nr E-mail: romeltea@yahoo.com

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Tips Menjadi ‘Pembicara Hebat’

Public Speaking (PS), yakni berbicara di depan umum, utamanya ceramah atau pidato. Secara luas, PS mencakup semua aktivitas berbicara (komunikasi lisan) di depan orang banyak, ( MC), presentasi, diskusi,

Menjadi “Great Public Speaker” dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara, yakni:
1. Practice –Latihan pidato di depan kawan-kawan, keluarga, bahkan anjing/kucing, atau siapa saja yang bisa mendengarkan; di depan cermin; menggunakan recorder.
2. Building Skill –membangun keterampilan PS dengan memahami teknik PS, meliputi persiapan & penyampaian.

Persiapan Mental

• Rileks! Atasi gugup dengan menarik nafas panjang/dalam; menggerakan badan; berdiri tegak layaknya tentara berbaris dengan bahu dan dada yang tegap, lalu tersenyumlah!
• Know the room! Jadikan seakan-akan ia kamar Anda sendiri.
• Know the audience! Kenali karakteristik dan pandang mereka sebagai teman akrab.
• Know your material! Anggaplah Anda yang paling tahu.

Persiapan Fisik

• Pastikan kondisi badan dan suara fit, segar, dan normal
• Kenakan pakaian yang serasi dengan susana acara.
• Jangan memakan keju, mentega, atau minum susu, soda, teh, kopi, sekurang-kurangnya sejam sebelum tampil.
• Jabatlah tangan Anda agar darah mengalir — membuat gerakan tangan Anda lebih alami saat berbicara di podium.
• Jaga agar mulut dan tenggorokan Anda tetap basah. Siapkan selalu air mineral.

Persiapan Materi

• Baca literatur dan cari sumber data sebanyak mungkin. Semakin banyak pengetahuan dan wawasan, Anda pun kian percaya diri.
• Susun pointer atau outline.
• Anda punya empat pilihan penguasaan materi:
a) Membaca naskah , menggunakan catatan berupa garis besar materi (cara terbaik)
b) Menggunakan hapalan –pilihan terburuk karena komunikasi dg audience berkurang, terutama soal kontak mata;
c) Menggunakan alat bantu visual sebagai catatan (Using Visual Aids as Notes)

PEMBUKAAN

1. Start Low and Slow
2. Don’t apologize.
3. Teknik pembuka :
- Langsung menyebut pokok persoalan yang akan dibicarakan;
- Mengajukan pertanyaan provokatif,
- Menyatakan kutipan — teori, ungkapan, peristiwa, atau pepatah.

PENYAMPAIAN

- Teknik pemaparan:
• deduktif – gagasan utama ke perincian;
• “teori” ke empiris;
• induktif – kasus ke kesimpulan;
• empiris ke “teori”;
• kronologis – Urutan peristiwa.

• Audible –bicaralah agak keras agar cukup terdengar (Audible)
• Clarity — ucapkan setiap kata dengan jelas (Clarity).
• Gunakan kata berona (colorfull word) – yang melukiskan sikap, perasaan, keadaan. Misalnya, kata “terisak-isak” lebih berona daripada kata “menangis”; kata “matanya berbinar-binar” -> bergembira, dll.
• Kalimat aktif (action words) lebih dinamis daripada kalimat pasif.

PENUTUP

• Langsung tutup, ucapkan salam, jika materi pembicaraan sudah disampaikan atau waktu sudah habis.
• Teknik penutup: menyimpulkan, menyatakan kembali gagasan utama dengan kalimat berbeda, mendorong audience untuk bertindak (Appeal for Action), kutipan sajak, kitab suci, pribahasa, atau ucapan ahli, memuji khalayak, dll.

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Success Factors of Public Speaking

1. Use of humor

Ability to create humor will help you to conquer audiense and out of the crisis. One speaker, unless the joker, is not expected to make audiensenya shriek with laughter as well as they witness the clown. However, your ability to make them smile and give rousing applause to you will help to reduce tension and boredom among them.

Not everyone is able to convey the story or funny anekdot. Before the start they are usually dihinggapi concerns that they will not submit to create humor that eventually they seem incompetent. If you can not do not do! But if you have the ability to do so, there are a few tips that
you need to note:

• Find the right time when you should disclose
• Make a joke with the Relevant topics that you bring
• Do not over -
• information as you feel or harlequin clown
• Be careful to target your humor. Avoid humor that leads to the SARA, or the vulgar sex humor, menjijikan and a personal attack from one of your audiense
• Try a subject of joke is that you or your family of your own
• Personifikasikan joke-joke you as though the incident had indeed occurred in your self you or your family
• Do not do if you are unsure of your ability

Humor is avoided:
• low taste
• Menyerang a person or group
• Not relevant

Practice of humor is the only thing you can not latih own. Audiense require the delivery of humor as a parameter of success.

2.Bahasa body

Methods of human communication is not only depend on the words spoken. Physical movement can someone describe what is he think and feel, who himself and the environment from which it originated. Body movement is called body language.

In the context of you as the speaker, the use of body language is good and true can simplify your task to provide understanding of what you want to submit. In some cases, the body language was more comprehensive than the words.

Body language in the context of the speaker consists of:
• Clothing
• body movement / postures
• my eyes
• Movement hands
• Expression advance

2a.Pakaian
When you first appear in the view of someone, he will make a direct assessment of yourself. They will be quickly concluded, and from whom you. The same happens when you first appear in front of audiense. The way you dress will show you if you or one of them from other groups. Penyimpulan like this in English disebuit "Tribal Recognition" (tribal recognition), and this commonplace happening everywhere. Someone who's seen them akan tribe received more than that is not easy. Their attitudes more resourceful because dianggapia to know the aspirations, wishes and their style.

If we ibaratkan tribes audiense your face is your face, you should strive to be considered one of them. With the gain recognition. Your chance to be heard and considered to be larger.

Dressed at the time to speak before the public does not always have to wah or glamor. Berpakaianlah with interest. Avoid jewelry that you assert is not from their group. Avoid excessive jewelry also disrupt the concentration of them to listen to you talk. Note the small details like the shiny shoes, jacket and shirt buttons, etc. Stocking. Remember, as you stand in front of each section you ditubuh seen by them.

Berpakaianlah according to the type of audiense and events where you appear. Do not overdress so audiense not notice what you say but what you are wearing.

200021733-0012b.Gerakan Body
The second element will be audiense postures the body is and how you menggerakkannya. While above the stage, body postures and movements to give you a snapshot of attitudes / feelings you terhapap forum that you face. Head of the bow, and always showed up to see that you do not believe in themselves. The head of the front indicate that full confidence.

At the time of appearing for the first time, note how you walk. Make sure that both your legs straight at the time step. Do not berlenggang and also not too hefty. Walk quietly but with full awareness. Tegakkan your head, you look audiense with the anthusias eyes and smile. When you speak, make sure your body has enough breathing space.

Many of the movement that you do ketiuka are talking for example to include hand trousers pocket. This movement will impress casual, and means that do not match with the formal forum. You can also walk or perform movements free but controlled.
Do movements that are necessary. Try andabermakna every movement. Movements that fit well and will make your conversation more alive.

2c.Kontak Eyes
Eye contact with audiense are important factors that make the event took place two-way. Audiense involved in the event where you will appear to create more life events, and interactions occur andasendiri feel so that it can have a friend to reduce flutter.

Ability to create eye contact with audiense at the time of speaking is the ability to be owned by someone the speaker. We see so many of the speakers spoke without looking at the existing audiense before. Communication is tied one-way will make you look less alive and quickly rise to boredom.

Many are not aware of contact with audiense is how the control over when the stage. Indra five out of five of the men, who not only matalah clever lie. Audiense from your eyes, you will soon know whether he enjoyed talking about you or vice versa.

My eyes are a powerful means of control to see if your speakers are boring or fun.

2d.Gerakan Hand
As body movement / postures, hand movements can also help give you a clearer understanding of what you want to ungkapkan. Hand movements can also show your anthusiasime of events and audiense faced.

So do not over-hand movement, you can learn how people around you talking while the hands. From day-to-day conversation is to know how to speak with the natural movement of the hands.

Many people who have a bad habit with a hand when attention is becoming. Garukkan claw-hand or head. Hold-megang in the ring finger, hold the nose and the beard is part of the customs are bad. If you have felt this bad habit, you need not worry. You can exercise with menghilangkannnya. Bring along someone to accompany you at the time of exercise. Request it when you cry do these bad habits. Do repeatedly.

Avoid making unnecessary movements. When you hand movement too much, try talking with no movement at all. When still quite a few, prepare cue cards (the records) and Hold. Movement of our hands are not usually aware of birth, and because we feel nervous.

Avoid movements that are not necessary. Try each gerakantangan you have any meaning.

2e.Ekspresi Face
Face expression of the most easy to do is smile. Smiles are sincere and not excessive will make you look friendly and happy to be among audiense you. Smiles can also create the atmosphere and rileks are among audiense you.

Smile that smile that is both reasonable and issued on time. Smiling and laughing are two different things.

3.Kontrol Voters

Support other important factors that make your conversation is interesting Voters. Vocal delivery is good when you get the three important issues that commonly referred to as voice control as below:
1.Pernapasan
2.Volume
3.Ekspresi

3a.Pernapasan
Noise generated by people who called the vote comes from the vibration in the air, the vocal cords located ditenggorokan. As with any musical instrument that sounds as the wind, the wind pressure on the ribbon through the influence of the weak sounds produced.
To speak in public, doperlukan space a solid voice that can convey the length of the sentence is usually at the right volume.

Most important muscle in the respiratory diaphragm which is called the flank. The perfect control of the diaphragm will make you able to manage the air space needed to give voice. Position that respiratory control is a good spring to give more space to the lungs.

There are several ways in which powerful ability to increase control diaphragm. It is a good idea if you do the below:
• Stand upright with feet not meeting too. Hand depend
normal and rileks
• Take a breath in through the nose and the countdown to four.
Experience the space bagaiamna mekarnya your chest. Do not lift the shoulder because
reduce the space in the chest
• Hold the breath in the lungs in a matter of the fourth, then let
air out of the mouth
• Do not eat too much before you speak. Food akan
narrow space lungs

3b.Volume
Many think that in order to be heard we must speak loud. Find success in speaking is not always determined by the loudness. If you worry you are not heard because the room is too big or too many audiense, use the speaker. Hard-hard talk is not a good solution.

The volume when you speak in public only sedikti more volume from loud conversations in your day-to-day. Talking with the volume of the hard moment required at the moment-specific. The talk will only damage the hard throat and make you stress audiense,

Open mouth, slightly larger than normal. Do not be wrinkled, sisakan enough space in the chest so that your voice out freely. Remove the sound a bit larger than usual, you akanmerasakanseolah you make it a normal conversation can be heard but the people
much.

3c.Ekspresi
Expression is an important factor in processing sound. Sound good does not mean much without the right expression. Expression consists of three important components; Pitch (high-low sound), Pace (speed of talking) and Phrasing (beheading sentence).

Pitch
Cnederung young people to speak with the voice tone higher than the parents. For young people, a tendency to use a high tone is usually due to emotional factors. Meanwhile, parents can set karenakematangannya more high-low sound.

Every pitch that people have different situations and on what it was. In the context of public speaking in front of many, one voice is usually high disebabklan by panicky feeling that can not be controlled.

Someone who was born with a high pitch. If he wants to be a good public speaker, instructor with special training is absolutely necessary.

Pace
Do not be too fast. That is the key to speak in public. Audiense to give time to listen and analyze your words. Also give you time to yourself to think what will be said next. Fast tempo sometimes needed, especially to show you energetic. Slow tempo is also needed, particularly on topics that you topikm important. Stop a moment before and after his statement and that pwnting long, take a breath and see audiense towards you. One speaker who sangant both advanced in the tempo of play that makes pembicaraanya
interesting and full of surprises.

Phrasing
Breath every person is different, there are who are the three sentences in one breath. There is also a sentence should be taking every breath. Apart you have long or short of breath, beheading sentence to be important. Meaning a sentence will be far different from the actual meaning when you have the wrong cut.

Congratulations practice

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Scared the Men Talk on the Public Home

fear-of-public-speaking1Menurut psychology experts, fear is the negative feelings that arise as a result teridentifikasinya a stimulus (eg, danger). This fear is often followed by changes in the physiological, cognitive, and behavior (Kleinknecht, 1986). J. Gerald Suarez in his article Managing Fear in the Workplace recognizes that fear can not be avoided, but can be managed so that it does not provide the impact that destruktif for people who have a fear, such as that always told by pak yahya tantowi "feeling nervous or afraid are naturals calls , as well as feeling hungry, feeling thirsty and sleepy feeling, there is no cure for natural calls. Like the natural calls of others, feeling nervous is also something that is normal for me-we can manage ¬ well, because the feeling nervous or scared is actually important for the capital introspective "

Fear will make us can not go any-where, we are not afraid convince akan can never achieve the dream, makes us silent. Fear akan handcuff the ability to develop themselves and to limit what we want to try, essentially fear make our lives more narrow. And the courage not appear in the absence of fear, courage arise because of the ability to manage fear.
Almost everyone felt the same when nervous or afraid, breath and tap into the heart does not regularly, at the time you have to control the feeling nervous or scared you, because you are only able to help yourself, then when feeling nervous or afraid that dating out. how to manage your breath, take a breath so many times with a quiet, nervous akan then we can kendalikan addition, you can overcome fear with nervous or identify the kind of fear you feel.

Here are some steps that can be done to remove the fear:

1. Connect with people
All fear, however large or small will be bad when we own them. Find a good friend to share the fear dengannya.Kita tend to recognize the enduring sense of fear because we fear others diminish us. Find someone you trust and divide what you menggagu. They will be able to help you see what you takutkan and take steps to encourage them.

2. Learn relaxation techniques
Fear can result in a serious health problem. If the fear has begun to affect the health, learn some relaxation techniques that can help you ready to face the challenges in the future.

3. Develop a spiritual life
Confidence in God consistently in every opportunity is a good. This will always give us a sense of security and convenience and more importantly gives us reason to hope.

4. Face the fear
The last step is the actual fear itself, it is noted that some fear is healthy, and some situations should be avoided for the private security anda.Tidak heroes have tribute satuasi challenging that threatens private. Although the threat is more mental than physical, actually do something that you worry may be best prophylactic
mengadapi although fear is a process.

Some Pain Step Building Confidence:

Self-confidence is the positive attitude that enables an individual to develop his positive assessment of both self and of the environment / situation that faces. This does not mean that individuals are capable and competent to do everything alone, alias "magic". The confidence level that is actually only refers to the existence of some aspects of the life of the individual where he has a feeling of competence, confident, capable and confident that he can - because it is supported by experience, the actual potential, achievement, and realistic expectations of yourself.
Can not be denied all of us surely have experienced not feeling confident a time. Sometimes it is difficult to bring back the confidence that when we are in need. In fact there are simple exercises that can be practiced to gain the confidence that you return to the track as soon as possible when needed. Next adalaha several steps to build the confidence

1. Watch your gesture
This may not have a sound relationship with the confidence that we discuss this, but actually how the attitudes you sit or stand, sending a message to people in the sekekliling you. If the message is send out the confidence, you will get a positive response from other people and of course this will increase the confidence of your own. So note the attitude began to sit and stand up to indicate you have a sense of confidence.

2. Interact Own With The Pain And Confidence level Positive
Bring major environmental influence on someone. If you continue to berbaur with people who have inferiority complex, and pessimistic complainer, how besarpun confident that you have, slowly but surely will be the dull and drag your area. Conversely, if you're surrounded by people full of happiness and self confidence, eating will also create a positive atmosphere that brings benefits for you.

3. Remember Back When You Feel Confidence
Confidence is a feeling, and if you never once feel, impossible not to feel again. Recall at the time where you feel confident and controlled akan make you experience the feeling again, and laying the framework to help the confidence that in mind.

4. Exercise
Whenever you want to feel confident is the key exercise as often as possible. You can even sleep in it. With the ability of trained, you will not show the difficulty the confidence that is required at any time.

5. Identify Self-Up
Think about all the things about which you like in relation to themselves and all that you know you can do well. If you are having difficulties doing this, remember about the praise you get from people - What they say - you do so well? A good idea to write all this, until you can see it again to put the confidence whenever you need inspiration.

6. Do not Too Hard On Self Up
Do not criticize yourself too, be best friends for you. However, when a friend is being through the difficult period, you will not want to engage in emotional problems to deplete your own right? Of course you do not want to. Pebicaraan that positive change can be best weapons for menaikan confidence, so make sure you are planting this habit, do not let the problems of others make you so terpuruk.

7. Scared Do not Take Risks
If you are a risk taker, you will find that this action is able to produce the confidence. No one is more useful in the sense of confidence to encourage the withdrawal itself out of the comfort zone. In addition, this action also serves to reduce the fear you will be things that you do not know, plus the can of the confidence that extraordinary.
More than anything, always remember that you have the talent and ability. Make sure you always do what is best for all of that and this is who will be stepping stone to build your confidence.

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